Padasodhanamūlacakkavāro

Pāḷi:
Padasodhanamūlacakkavāro
(Anuloma)
3. Dukkhaṃ dukkhasaccanti: āmantā. Saccā samudayasaccanti: samudayasaccaṃ saccañceva samudayasaccañca. Avasesā saccā, na samudayasaccaṃ.

Dukkhaṃ dukkhasaccanti: āmantā. Saccā nirodhasaccanti: -pe- saccā maggasaccanti: maggasaccaṃ saccañceva maggasaccañca. Avasesā saccā, na maggasaccaṃ.

Structure of Padasodhanamūlacakkavāra
Base	Reverse order style (Paṭiloma)
1. Dukkhaṃ dukkhasaccanti	2. Saccā samudaya saccanti
	3. Saccā nirodhasaccanti
	4. Saccā maggasaccanti
2. Samudayo samudayasaccanti	1. Saccā dukkhasaccanti
	3. Saccā nirodhasaccanti
	4. Saccā maggasaccanti
3. Nirodho nirodhasaccanti	1. Saccā dukkhasaccanti
	2. Saccā samudayasaccanti
	4. Saccā maggasaccanti
4. Maggo maggasaccanti	1. Saccā dukkhasaccanti
	2. Saccā samudayasaccanti
	3. Saccā nirodhasaccanti

Guide:
Extract in full Pali text of Padasodhanamūlacakkavāro (Anuloma):

Dukkhaṃ dukkhasaccanti: āmantā.
Saccā samudayasaccanti: samudayasaccaṃ saccañceva samudayasaccañca. Avasesā saccā, na samudayasaccaṃ.

Dukkhaṃ dukkhasaccanti: āmantā.
Saccā nirodhasaccanti: nirodhasaccaṃ saccañceva nirodhasaccañca. Avasesā saccā, na nirodhasaccaṃ.

Dukkhaṃ dukkhasaccanti: āmantā.
Saccā maggasaccanti: maggasaccaṃ saccañceva maggasaccañca. Avasesā saccā, na maggasaccaṃ.

Listen to the Dhamma talks:
1. 081108c08-padasodhanamulacakkavara.mp3

Padasodhanavāro Paccanīka

Pāḷi:
Niddesavāro
Padasodhanavāro
(Paccanīka)
1. Na dukkhaṃ na dukkhasaccanti: kāyikaṃ dukkhaṃ cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ ṭhapetvā avasesaṃ na dukkhaṃ, dukkhasaccaṃ. Dukkhañca dukkhasaccañca ṭhapetvā avasesaṃ na ceva dukkhaṃ na ca dukkhasaccaṃ.

Na dukkhasaccaṃ na dukkhanti: āmantā.

2. Na samudayo na samudayasaccanti: āmantā.

Na samudayasacca na samudayoti: samudayasaccaṃ ṭhapetvā avaseso na samudayasaccaṃ, samudayo. Samudayañca samudayasaccañca ṭhapetvā avaseso na ceva samudayo na ca samudayasaccaṃ.

3. Na nirodho na nirodhasaccanti: āmantā.

Na nirodhasaccaṃ na nirodhoti: nirodhasaccaṃ ṭhapetvā avaseso na nirodhasaccaṃ, nirodho. Nirodhañca nirodhasaccañca ṭhapetvā avaseso na ceva nirodho na ca nirodhasaccaṃ.

4. Na maggo na maggasaccanti: āmantā.

Na maggasaccaṃ na maggoti: maggasaccaṃ ṭhapetvā avaseso na maggasaccaṃ, maggo. Maggañca maggasaccañca ṭhapetvā avaseso na ceva maggo. Na ca maggasaccaṃ.

Listen to the Dhamma talks:
1. 081108c07-padasodhanavara-paccanika.mp3

Four Points of Magga Maggasacca

Sorry for the mistake I made. I didn't change the Answer in the chart. Now I have updated (on 21-Apr-2009). Please update yours as well.

Four Points of magga maggasacca:	Answer:
1. magga na maggasacca (only magga, not maggasacca)	1. Jaṇgha magga 2. Sakata magga 3. Micchā magga 4. Pañcaṇgika magga 5.Atthaṇgika magga (8 path factors, which are associated with the mahakusala citta and phala citta.)
2. maggasacca na magga (only maggasacca, not magga)	There is no dhamma which is only maggasacca, not magga.
3. magga ceva maggasaccañca (both magga and maggasacca)	8 path factors, which are associated with the magga citta.
4. na ceva magga na ca maggasacca (neither magga nor maggasacca)	The other three sacca (i.e. dukkhasacca, samudayasacca, nirodhasacca), and paññatti.

Listen to the Dhamma talks:
1. 081108c06-four-points-maggamaggasacca.mp3

Four Points of Nirodha Nirodhasacca

Four Points of nirodha nirodhasacca:	Answer:
1. nirodha na nirodhasacca (only nirodha, not nirodhasacca)	1. Khana-bhanga-nirodha = cessation of momentary dissolution of phenomena. Natural nature of phenomena. 2. Tadanga-nirodha = Vipassana ñāna 3. Vikkhambhana-nirodha = Jhana citta 4. Samuccheda-nirodha = Magga citta 5. Pati passaddhi-nirodha = Phala citta
2. nirodhasacca na nirodha (only nirodhasacca, not nirodha)	There is no dhamma which is only nirodhasacca, not nirodha.
3. nirodha ceva nirodhasaccañca (both nirodha and nirodhasacca)	Only Nibbāna, the final cessation.
4. na ceva nirodha na ca nirodhasacca (neither nirodha nor nirodhasacca)	The other three sacca (i.e. dukkhasacca, samudayasacca, maggasacca), and paññatti.

Note:
For the point-no.4, the answer is without “magga citta and its 28 associated cetasika [excluding the 8 path factors of magga citta], phala citta and its 36 associated cetasika” as the previous, because they are included in the point-no.1.

Listen to the Dhamma talks:
1. 081108c05-four-points-nirodhanirodhasacca.mp3

Four Points of Samudaya Samudayasacca

Four Points of samudaya samudayasacca:	Answer:
1. samudaya na samudayasacca (only samudaya, not samudayasacca)	The 9 Kilesā (mental defilements).
2. samudayasacca na samudaya (only samudayasacca, not samudaya)	There is no dhamma which is only samudayasacca, not samudaya.
3. samudaya ceva samudayasaccañca (both samudaya and samudayasacca)	Only taṇhā (craving).
4. na ceva samudaya na ca samudayasacca (neither samudaya nor samudayasacca)	The other three sacca (i.e. dukkhasacca, nirodhasacca, maggasacca), magga citta and its 28 associated cetasika [excluding the 8 path factors of magga citta], phala citta and its 36 associated cetasika, and paññatti.

Listen to the Dhamma talks:
1. 081108c04-four-points-samudayasamudayasacca.mp3

Four Points of Dukkha Dukkhasacca

Four Points of dukkha dukkhasacca:	Answer:
1. dukkha na dukkhasacca (only dukkha, not dukkasacca)	There is no dhamma which is only dukkha, not dukkasacca.
2. dukkhasacca na dukkha (only dukkasacca, not dukkha)	81 lokiya citta, its associated 51 cetasika [excluding lobha cetasika], and 28 rupa.
3. dukkha ceva dukkhasaccañca (both dukkha and dukkhasacca)	The 2 feeling of displeasure (Domanassa) of Consciousness Rooted in Ill-will or Aversion (Patighasampayuttacittā), and 1 feeling of pain (Dukkha) of Immoral Resultant Consciousness without Roots (Akusala vipāka cittā).
4. na ceva dukkha na ca dukkhasacca (neither dukkha nor dukkhasacca)	The other three sacca (i.e. samudayasacca, nirodhasacca, maggasacca), magga citta and its 28 associated cetasika [excluding the 8 path factors of magga citta], phala citta and its 36 associated cetasika, and paññatti.

Listen to the Dhamma talks:
1. 081108c03-four-points-dukkha-dukkhasacca.mp3

Summary of Padasodhanavāro anuloma

Pāḷi:
Niddesavāro
Padasodhanavāro
(anuloma)
1. Dukkhaṃ dukkhasaccanti: āmantā.

Dukkhasaccaṃ dukkhanti: kāyikaṃ dukkhaṃ cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ ṭhapetvā avasesaṃ dukkhasaccaṃ, na dukkhaṃ. Kāyikaṃ dukkhaṃ cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ dukkhañceva dukkhasaccañca.

2. Samudayo samudayasaccanti: samudayasaccaṃ ṭhapetvā avaseso samudayo, na samudayasaccaṃ. Samudayasaccaṃ samudayo ceva samudayasaccañca.

Samudayasaccaṃ samudayoti: āmantā.

3. Nirodho nirodhasaccanti: nirodhasaccaṃ ṭhapetvā avaseso nirodho, na nirodhasaccaṃ. Nirodhasaccaṃ nirodho ceva nirodhasaccañca.

Nirodhasaccaṃ nirodhoti: āmantā.

4. Maggo maggasaccanti: maggasaccaṃ ṭhapetvā avaseso maggo, na maggasaccaṃ, maggasaccaṃ maggo ceva maggasaccañca.

Maggasaccaṃ maggoti: āmantā

Listen to the Dhamma talks:
1. 081108c01-summary-padasodhanavara.mp3

2. 081108c02-recite-padasodhanavara.mp3

Magga Maggasacca

Pāḷi:
Maggo maggasaccanti: maggasaccaṃ ṭhapetvā avaseso maggo, na maggasaccaṃ, maggasaccaṃ maggo ceva maggasaccañca.

Maggasaccaṃ maggoti: āmantā

Translantion:
It is the Path. Is it called the truth of Path?
With the exception of the truth of Path, the remaining is the Path, but not the truth of Path. The truth of Path is both the Path and the truth of Path.

It is the truth of Path. Is it called the Path? Yes.

Guide:
Magga = all types of path
Maggasacca = only 8 fold noble path (only the 8 mental factors of the magga citta)

5 types of Path:
1. Jaṇgha = knee, leg (walking).
2. Sakata Path = for bullock cart.
3. Micchā Path = wrong path, there are 10 Miccha Paths (micchā ditthi, micchā sankhappa, …. , micchā ñāna, micchā vimutti.)
4. Pañcaṇgika Path = 5 factors (which are 8 path factors excluding the 3 virati.)
5. Atthaṇgika Path = 8 path factors (the 8 mental factors of the mahakusala citta, phala citta, and magga citta)

Listen to the Dhamma talks:
1. 081108b01-magga-maggasacca-1.mp3

2. 081108b02-magga-maggasacca-2.mp3

The summary of Padasodhanavara

Extra notes:
World Cycles when Buddhas Appear (Buddha Kappa)

An aeon or world cycle in which there is no Buddha is called a suñña kappa (empty or void aeon). An aeon in which one or more Buddhas appear is called a Buddha kappa. By the word kappa standing alone, a Maha-kappa is meant. 

There are five types of Buddha kappas, namely:

1. Sara-kappa in which one Buddha appears
   
2. Manda-kappa in which two Buddhas appear
   
3. Vara-kappa in which three Buddhas appear
   
4. Saramanda-kappa in which four Buddhas appear
   
5. Bhadda-kappa in which five Buddhas appear
   

The present kappa is a Bhadda (auspicious) kappa; of its five Buddhas, four have appeared, namely: 

1. Kakusandha, 
   
2. Konagamana, 
   
3. Kassapa and 
   
4. Gotama (Sakyamuni), 
   
5. the fifth Mettaya has yet to appear. 
   

The interval of time that elapses between one Buddha kappa and the next can vary from one kappa to one asankheyya of kappas.

‘Asankheyya’ literally means ‘innumerable’ while Childers’ Pali Dictionary defines asankheyya as the highest of the numerals 10140 or 1 followed by 140 zeros! An asankheyya of kappas, 10140 or innumerable number of world cycles is a mind-boggling time period that defies the imagination! It should not be confused with asankheyya-kappa, which is just ¼ of a kappa. Our Lord Buddha Gotama received his confirmation when as the hermit Sumedha, he made his aspiration to become a Supreme Buddha at the feet of Dipankara Buddha, four asankheyyas of kappas and one hundred thousand kappas ago. Since then there have been 11 Buddha kappas, the present one being the eleventh.

Listen to the Dhamma talks:
1. 081108a06-padasodhanavara-summary.mp3

Nirodha Nirodhasacca

Pāḷi:
Nirodho nirodhasaccanti:
nirodhasaccaṃ ṭhapetvā avaseso nirodho, na nirodhasaccaṃ.
Nirodhasaccaṃ nirodho ceva nirodhasaccañca.

Nirodhasaccaṃ nirodhoti: āmantā.

Translation:
It is cessation. Is it called the truth of cessation?
With the exception of the truth of cessation, the remaining is cessation, but not the truth of cessation.
The truth of cessation is both cessation and the truth of cessation.

It is the truth of cessation. Is it cessation? Yes.

Guide:
Nirodhasacca is only referred to Nibbāna.

There are 6 Kinds of Nirodha:
1. Khana-bhanga-nirodha = cessation of momentary dissolution of phenomena. Natural nature of phenomena.
2. Tadanga-nirodha = Vipassana ñāna
3. Vikkhambhana-nirodha = Jhana citta
4. Samuccheda-nirodha = Magga citta
5. Pati passaddhi-nirodha = Phala citta
6. Nibbāna = final cessation

Listen to the Dhamma talks:
1. 081108a05-nirodha-nirodhasacca.mp3

Origination and The truth of Origination

Pāḷi-English Glossary of Padasodhanavara – Samudaya Samudayasacca

Pāḷi	English
Samudayo	origination
samudayasacca	The truth of origination
āmantā	Yes
ṭhapetvā	With the exception of
avasesaṃ	The remaining
na	Not
ceva … ca	Both … and ...

Listen to the Dhamma talks:
1. 081108a04-origination-origination-truth.mp3

Samudayo Samudayasacca

Pāḷi Text:
Samudayo samudayasaccanti: samudayasaccaṃ ṭhapetvā avaseso samudayo, na samudayasaccaṃ. Samudayasaccaṃ samudayo ceva samudayasaccañca. Samudayasaccaṃ samudayoti: āmantā.

Translation:
It is origination. Is it called the truth of origination?
With the exception of the truth of origination, the remaining is origination, but not the truth of origination. The truth of origination is both origination and the truth of origination.

It is the truth of origination. Is it called origination? Yes.

Guide:
For example,
1. avijja can be called samudaya, but not samudayasacca.
2. sankhara also can be called samudaya, but not samudayasacca.

Samudayasacca is only craving.

Samudaya are 9 mental defilements apart from craving.

Dasa kilesā-lobho, doso, moho, māno, ditthi, vicikicchā, thīnam, uddhaccam, ahirikam, anottappam.

There are ten Impurities (Defilements): 1. Greed, 2. Hate, 3. Delusion, 4. Pride (Conceit), 5. False Views, 6. Doubts, 7. Sloth, 8. Restlessness, 9. Moral Shamelessness, and 10. Moral Fearlessness (unscrupulousness).

Then, the 12 akusala citta and its associated cetasika that arise together with the 9 kilesa, can only be called samudaya, not samudayasacca

Then, the lokiya kusala citta, which are the object of the akusala citta, are also called samudaya.

Listen to the Dhamma talks:
1. 081108a03-samudaya-samudayasacca.mp3

Brief Introduction to Samudaya

Pāḷi Text:
Samudayo samudayasaccanti: samudayasaccaṃ ṭhapetvā avaseso samudayo, na samudayasaccaṃ. Samudayasaccaṃ samudayo ceva samudayasaccañca. Samudayasaccaṃ samudayoti: āmantā.

Guide:
Samudaya = All types of cause and conditions / cause and condition. Kilesa are called samudaya too. Samudaya means the cause of suffering. Avijja also the cause of suffering. All akusala citta are cause of suffering. Kamma are cause of suffering. Nibbana is excluded, it is just an object.

Samudayasacca = only craving (tanha)

Sayadaw quotes text in Dhammacakka Pavattana Sutta:
"Idam kho pana bhikkave dukkhasamudayo ariyasaccam, yayam tanha ponobhavika nandiraga-sahagata tatra tattabhinandini. Seyathidan? kamatanha bhavatanha vibhavatanha."

"Now this, monks, is the noble truth of the origin of suffering as may rightly be understood by the Ariyas. It is that craving that leads back to birth. It is consisted of lure and lust. It lingers longingly now here, now there. This craving may be classified into three categories, namely, the craving for sensual pleasures, the craving for eternal life and the craving for annihilation."

Listen to the Dhamma talks:
1. 081108a02-brief-introduction-samudaya.mp3

Padasodhanavara - Dukkha

Pāḷi-English Glossary of Padasodhanavara - Dukkha

Pāḷi	English
Niddesavāra	Exposition chapter
Padasodhanavāra	Clarification of terms
anuloma	Positive
Dukkha	Suffering
dukkhasacca	The truth of suffering
āmantā	Yes
kāyikaṃ dukkhaṃ	Bodily suffering
cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ	Mental suffering
ṭhapetvā	With the exception of
avasesaṃ	The remaining
na	Not
ceva … ca	Both … and ...

Listen to the Dhamma talks:
1. 081108a01-padasodhanavara-dukkha.mp3

Sacca Yamaka 7 Nov 2008 Dhamma Talks

1. 081107a01-introduction-to-yamaka.mp3
 (Read Notes)

2. 081107a02-introduction-to-yamaka.mp3
 (Read Notes)

3. 081107a03-yamaka-special-terms.mp3
 (Read Notes)

4. 081107a04-four-questions-five-answers.mp3
 (Read Notes)

5. 081107a05-couple-investigative-points.mp3
 (Read Notes)

6. 081107b01-dukkha-dukkhasacca.mp3
 (Read Notes)

7. 081107b02-dukkha-dukkhasacca.mp3
 (Read Notes)

8. 081107b03-clarification-of-terms.mp3
 (Read Notes)

9. 081107b04-padasodhanavara-chant.mp3
 (Read Notes)

10. 081107b05-explain-padasodhanavara.mp3
 (Read Notes)

11. 081107b06-explain-paripunnapanha.mp3
 (Read Notes)

Dukkhasaccam Dukkham

Guide 1:
Reverse order style (Paṭiloma): dukkhasaccaṃ dukkhaṃ

Padasodhanavāra means Chapter on purification of words / clarification of terms / definition of terms.

Pada = words / terms.
Sodhana = clarification.
Vāra = chapter.

Guide 2:
Sacca Yamaka Text:
Exposition chapter on Terms (Paṇṇattivāra Niddesa)
Chapter on purification of words/clarification of terms (Padasodhanavāra)
Positive (Anuloma)
1. Dukkhaṃ dukkhasaccanti: āmantā.

Dukkhasaccaṃ dukkhanti:
kāyikaṃ dukkhaṃ cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ ṭhapetvā avasesaṃ dukkhasaccaṃ, na dukkhaṃ.
Kāyikaṃ dukkhaṃ cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ dukkhañceva dukkhasaccañca.


Guide 3:
Translation:
It is suffering. Is it called the truth of suffering? Yes.

It is the truth of suffering. Is it called suffering?
With the exception of bodily suffering and mental suffering, the remaining is the truth of suffering, but not suffering.
Bodily suffering and mental suffering are both suffering and the truth of suffering.

Guide 4:
This second statement, Reverse order style (Paṭiloma), is the 3rd type of question: Paripuṇṇapañhā (question dealing with the complete points, the preceding and the following). Such a question applies to where there the Sanniṭṭhāna (i.e. Dukkhasaccaṃ) is more in dhamma than the Saṃsaya (i.e. dukkha) even some are similar. To that question the answer is to be called Sarūpadassana (answer with classification).

Listen to the Dhamma talks:
1. 081107b03-clarification-of-terms.mp3
2. 081107b04-padasodhanavara-chant.mp3
3. 081107b05-explain-padasodhanavara.mp3
4. 081107b06-explain-paripunnapanha.mp3

Clarification of Terms - DukkhaSacca

Guide 1:
“Is it the truth of suffering (Dukkhasaccaṃ)?”
What is the truth of suffering (Dukkasaccaṃ)?
The truth of suffering (Dukkasaccaṃ) are 81 lokiya citta, its associated 51 cetasika (excluding lobha cetasika), and 28 rupa.

Guide 2:
1. Dukkhaṃ dukkhasaccanti: āmantā.
1. It is suffering. Is it called the truth of suffering? Yes.

This statement is the 2nd types of question: Pacchāpañhā (question dealing with only following point, that is Saṃsaya)
Such type of question applies to both, Positive form of statement (Anuloma) and Negative form of statement (Paccanīka).
In this question the two points, Sanniṭṭhāna (i.e. Dukkhaṃ) and Saṃsaya (i.e. Dukkasaccaṃ), Sanniṭṭhāna is less (i.e. 3 mental states) and Saṃsaya is more (i.e. 81 lokiya citta, its associated 51 cetasika [excluding lobha cetasika], and 28 rupa) even some dhammas are the same.
To this kind of question the answer is to be called Paṭivacana (answer in admission) that replies āmantā (yes).

Listen to the Dhamma talks:
1. 081107b02-dukkha-dukkhasacca.mp3

Clarification of Terms - Dukkha

Sacca Yamaka Text:
Summary chapter on Terms (Paṇṇattivāra Uddesa)
Chapter on purification of words/clarification of terms (Padasodhanavāra)
Positive (Anuloma)
1. It is suffering (Dukkhaṃ). Is it the truth of suffering (Dukkhasaccaṃ)?

Guide 1:
“It is suffering (Dukkhaṃ)”
What is suffering (Dukkhaṃ) here?
Suffering (Dukkhaṃ) are:
- The 2 feeling of displeasure (Domanassa) of Consciousness Rooted in Ill-will or Aversion (Patighasampayuttacittā), and
- 1 feeling of pain (Dukkha) of Immoral Resultant Consciousness without Roots (Akusala vipāka cittā).

Abhidhammatthāsangaha Text:
9. Domanassasahagatam, patighasampayuttam, asañkhārikam ekam.
9. One consciousness, unprompted, accompanied by displeasure, connected with ill-will.

10. Domanassasahagatam, patighasampayuttam, sasañkhārikam ekan' ti.
10. One consciousness, prompted, accompanied by displeasure, connected with ill-will.

Imani dve'pi Patighasampayuttacittāni nāma.
These two types of consciousness are connected with Ill-will.

Immoral Resultant Consciousness without Roots (Akusala vipāka cittāni)
(5) Dukkhasahagatam, Kāyaviññānam.
(5) Body-consciousness, accompanied by pain,


Guide 2:
There are 3 types of dukkha: 1. dukkha-dukkha, 2. vaparinama dukkha, 3. sankhara dukkha.

1. dukkha-dukkha:
Unendurable physical and mental suffering (dukkha vedana) is called dukkha-dukkha.
(2 domanasasahagatam citta + 1 kaya dukkha = 3 mental states)

2. vaparinama dukkha:
Happiness arising from physical comfort and mental joy (sukha vedana) is called vaparinama dukkha.
**(62 somanasasahagatam citta + 1 kaya sukha = 63 mental states)

3. sankhara dukkha:
In addition to this equanimous feeling (upekkha vedana), all the other formations of nama and rupa of the mundane sphere are also called sankhara dukkha as they need constant conditioning.
**(55 upekkhasahagatam citta)

other resources on Dukkha:
The Great Discourse on the Wheel of Dhamma
http://web.ukonline.co.uk/buddhism/dhamack4.htm

Note: The suffering (Dukkhaṃ) in Sacca Yamaka only refers to dukkha-dukkha.
** The numbers to be confirmed again. For vaparinama dukkha, if excluded the Lokuttara Citta, then the number will be 30 mental states. For sankhara dukkha, if excluded the Lokuttara Citta, then the number will be 47 mental states.

Listen to the Dhamma talks:
1. 081107b01-dukkha-dukkhasacca.mp3

Structure of Sacca Yamaka

Table:

(To download the picture file in BMP format click here)

Notes:

Cattāri saccāni: - dukkhasaccaṃ, samudayasaccaṃ, nirodhasaccaṃ, maggasaccaṃ.

Listen to the Dhamma Talks:
1. 081107a05-couple-investigative-points.mp3

4-question 5-answer

Table:

4-question	5-answer
purepañhā	pāligati
pacchāpañhā	paṭivacana (āmantā)
paripuṇṇapañhā	sarūpadassana
moghapañhā	paṭisedha (no)
	paṭikkhepa (natthi)

Notes:
1. Purepañhā (question dealing with only preceding point, that is Sanniṭṭhāna) Such a question applies to only Paccanīka (negative) and in this question the point of Saṃsaya has no meaning, but the Sanniṭṭhāna is possible. To that question the answer is to be called Paligati (an answer that follows the term of question without negative. (eg. na uppajjhitthāti? Uppajjhittha.)

2. Pacchāpañhā (question dealing with only following point, that is Saṃsaya) Such a question applies to both, Anuloma and Paccanīka. In this question the two points, Sanniṭṭhāna and Saṃsaya, are totally the same in dhamma, or Sanniṭṭhāna is less and Saṃsaya is more even some dhammas are the same. To that question the answer is to be called Paṭivacana (answer in admission) that replies āmantā (yes).

3. Paripuṇṇapañhā (question dealing with the complete points, the preceding and the following). Such a question applies to where there the Sanniṭṭhāna is more in dhamma than the Saṃsaya even some are similar. To that question the answer is to be called Sarūpadassana (answer with classification).

4. Moghapañhā (question in vain). Such a question deals with both, Anuloma (positive) and Paccanīka (negative). When it deals with Anuloma, however, it applies to where there is no point of Saṃsaya. To that question the answer is to be called Paṭisedha (negative) denying the point of Saṃsaya (eg. Yo rūpakkhandhaṃ parijanati so vedanākkhandhaṃ parijanitthāti, no.) If it deals with Paccanīka, it applies to where there is no point of Sanniṭṭhāna. To that question the answer is to be called patikkhepa (rejection) rejecting the point of Sanniṭṭhāna. (eg. Yassa rūpakkhandho na nirujjhittha tassa vedanākkhandho na nirujjhissatīti, natthi.)

Listen to the Dhamma Talks:
1. 081107a04-four-questions-five-answers.mp3